Rift Valley Lakes

Overview

The East African Rift System is one of the geologic wonders of the world. The exact cause of rift formation is still debated, but it is generally accepted that shifts in Tectonic plates caused fractures on the earth’s crust, volcanic eruptions and the formation of inland seas. These huge changes in environment and climate may explain why early man was forced to walk upright in this region, and why the world’s oldest hominid fossils have been found in the Rift Valley.

Lake Baringo lies between the Tugen Hills, an uplifted fault block of volcanic and metamorphic rocks, and the Laikipia Escarpment. The region is inhabited by several tribal groups, most notably Njemps and Pokot. Baringo airstrip is on the mainland; boats connect it to the islands. Seven freshwater fish species inhabit the lake, of which one is endemic. This attractive lake is also home to hippos and crocodiles, and is a critical habitat for significant numbers of migratory water birds.

Lake Bogoria, a saline, alkaline lake, is famous for its therapeutic geysers and resident population of lesser flamingos. The lake was designated a national reserve in 1973.

Lake Nakuru is a soda lake at which 450 species of birds have been recorded, including flamingo, pelican, African fish eagle, goliath heron, hamerkop and Verreaux eagle. The national park comprises the lake and the surrounding forested escarpments and bushy grasslands. The park gates are Main Gate, Lanet Gate and Nderit Gate. Naishi airstrip, inside the park, is suitable for charter flights. The park is a sanctuary for black and white rhino, and is inhabited by 56 other species of mammal. Nearby attractions include Menengai Crater and the prehistoric archaeological sites at Hyrax Hill and Kariandusi.

Lake Naivasha, called Nai’posha, or rough water, in the language of the Maasai, is a freshwater lake. It was used in the 1930s as a landing place for Imperial Airways flying boats between London and Durban. Activities include boat trips, bird watching and game viewing. Mt Longonot National Park, based around an extinct volcano, is a haven for birdlife, especially birds of prey; 103 species have been recorded. The mountain has lovely hikes and climbs; the 3-hour walk around the rim of the crater affords spectacular views.

Hell’s Gate National Park is best known for its jagged cliffs and striking gorge. The park gates are Elsa and Olkaria. There are campsites at Oldubai, Nairburta and Endchata. Buffalo, zebra, eland, hartebeest, giraffe, gazelles and antelopes are resident. Activities include hiking, rock climbing, biking, bird watching, game viewing and camping.

Lake Magadi, near the Kenya Tanzania border, is a saline, alkaline lake best known for its hot springs and shimmering white expanses of salt. A single species of fish inhabits the hot, salty water. Wading birds, including flamingos, reside here.